Who is regarded as a pioneer of the American short story?

Washington Irving is regarded as a pioneer of the American short story due to his significant contributions to the form in the early 19th century. His works, such as "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and "Rip Van Winkle," are some of the earliest examples of American folklore and demonstrate innovative narrative techniques. Irving's ability to blend realism with fantasy and to create vividly drawn characters and settings helped establish the American short story as a distinct literary form. His tales often reflect American themes, landscapes, and cultural elements, distinguishing them from European traditions.

While other authors like Edgar Allan Poe are also influential in the short story genre, especially in developing psychological horror and mystery, it is Irving's early work that laid the groundwork for the American short story as a recognized and respected literary style. Henry James and Nathaniel Hawthorne also made important contributions to American literature but did not have the same pioneering impact on the short story specifically as Irving did.