What elements are characteristic of gothic literature?

Gothic literature is distinguished by its incorporation of supernatural elements, dark and eerie settings, and a focus on the complexities of human emotions and psychological states. The genre often delves into themes of fear, isolation, and the unknown, which are manifest in settings such as decaying castles, haunted houses, or desolate landscapes that contribute to an atmosphere of dread and suspense.

The supernatural aspect often includes ghosts, monsters, or mysterious occurrences that challenge the boundaries of reality, engaging the reader's imagination and fears. Additionally, gothic literature frequently explores the human psyche, revealing characters' inner conflicts, madness, and the darker facets of their desires and fears. This fusion of atmospheric settings with psychological depth is what fundamentally characterizes gothic literature, making it distinct from other genres that may focus on romantic ideals, nature, or heroic quests.